A review of the monograph entitled Realization of legal security in the institution of doctor’s liability for medical error by dr. hab. Wojciech Lis, prof. KUL was published in volume 14, issue 4/2022 of the journal “The Critique of Law”. This article is the answer of the monograph’s author to the above-mentioned review containing reflections on the reviewer’s comments and clarification of the review’s inaccuracies to the necessary extent.

The purpose of the article is to show how significant it is to ensure safety for persons
who collect and give donations during public collections. The analysis of the Act of 14 March 2014 on the Principles of Holding Public Collections (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 1672, consolidated text) leads to a conclusion that the legislator did not refer to this issue in the act in any way. However, undoubtedly, the regulation of the issue is necessary because large sums of money or donations in kind of great value are frequently collected as a result of holding public collections, and the participants are exposed to the loss of their health or even lives. In view of this fact, the author suggests introducing provisions that regulate the issue in line with the provisions included in the Act of 24 July 2015 – the Law on Assemblies (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 631, consolidated text) into the Act on the Principles of Holding Public Collections.

The paper is devoted to selected issues concerning acts from the same day, i.e. 29 July 2020: the Electronic Communications Law, and the act introducing the Electronic Communications Law. Both drafts have been prepared in connection with implementing the provisions of Directive (EU) 2018/1972 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 Establishing the European Electronic Communications Code (‘the EECC’) into the Polish legal order. Only selected issues from both draft acts were presented, for which the basic selection criterion was their significant practical importance in terms of their influence on the functioning of the telecommunications market in Poland. The purpose of the analysis and research was to answer the question whether the proposed regulations were compliant with the EECC and whether, from the perspective of the requirements of practice, effective solutions had been adopted. The analysis was based on comparing the projected EECC regulations and on possible practical consequences after their implementation. The analysis covers the projected provisions – from the Polish law and the EU law. The conducted analysis indicated a need for modifying them, in particular: imposing security obligations; the scope and manner of replacing the existing documents for customers with new ones; the conditions of customerv ideo verification; transitional provisions. The article presents proposals for specific amendments to the projected provisions. The presented issues are not only of theoretical importance, but also of great practical importance when it comes to the functioning of the telecommunications market and, above all, when it comes to customerswho use telecommunications services

On the basis of the author’s own maps of the Warsaw-Śródmieście district and comparing private and public institutions, the author explains how the cooperation in the area of protection provided by the government and private security companies is fulfilled. In the article, the researcher tries to verify whether the private security companies divide their action territory between themselves. What is the selection reason of the security company? How important are the historic monuments and how are they protected? The attitude towards the private security companies and the reasons behind the selection of the company are analysed. Who can we ask for help in a critical situation?

The paper analyses challenging the validity of an employment contract by the Social Insurance Institution, in the course of a control of correctness of the determination of the social insurance obligation that results from the employee status. In the first part, the author analyses the problem of a fictitious contract and acting against the law or with the intention to circumvent the law, or contrary to the principles of community life. He indicates documents and information that are most often requested by ZUS, and describes the situations which are most thoroughly examined. In the next part, following issues are examined: the existence of an employment relation, salary, employing relatives, concluding the employment contract in order to register for insurance purposes and the situation of pregnant employees or employees shortly before retirement. The paper is concluded with the most frequent arguments for, or against the existence of employment and the most advantageous practices to litigate with the ZUS are described.

The article analyzes the idea of the so-called “golden visas” or the possibility of purchasing citizenship or permanent residency offered by some countries. There are numerous controversies about this solution, and the defenders and opponents have many rguments for and against it. Arguments presented in the article confirm that at this stage, it is not possible to abandon this solution. However, it is possible to see problems arising from the existence of this institution and to introduce appropriate safeguards so that possible negative effects are minimized.

The article deals with the issue concerning the place of the of sustainbale development
in the Polish Constitution. It will present the problem of sustainable development legal nature and its consequences. Obligations of public authorities regarding the implementation of sustainable development included in Article 5 of the Constitution, will also be considered with the background of the provisions contained in art. 74 section 1, 68 and 86 of the Constitution. The article will also contain references to contemporary understanding of sustainable development, which results from the acts of international law, including the Rio+20 Declaration and Agenda 2030. The aim of the above analysis is to indicate what shape it should be given today and how currently sustainable development should be understood. That should be the same an indication for public authorities what actions should be taken in order to respond the current understanding of sustainable development.