Uśmiech sędziowski – pomocne i niebezpieczne narzędzie

Stępień, Mateusz

Abstract

Article aims to invigorate the study of judicial smiles in Polish legal science. Judicial smiles are treated as an element of psycho-social processes in the courtroom, in particular the judge’s non-verbal communication. Such an opening will be made by identifying and discussing a few real cases of judges’ smiles in Poland, and more precisely in the courtrooms of Krakow’s lower courts (civil and criminal divisions). The empirical material was obtained through passive observation of the hearings, supported by a standardized observational questionnaire. According to the results, (i) there are more smiles of judges in courtrooms than one might think, (ii) a judge’s smiles during questioning the witnesses (as a rule) is generally less controversial than that smiles expressed in relation to parties or participants, (iii) five types of judicial smiles were distinguished, (iv) two of them seem to violate important procedural rules, while the role of others is positive, (v) it is possible to reflect on the development of the judges’ ability to use a smile in a situational manner, of course in a narrow scope and under many conditions.

Keywords

judicial smile (1)courtroom (1)non-verbal communication (1)

References

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APA style

Stępień, Mateusz (2022). Uśmiech sędziowski – pomocne i niebezpieczne narzędzie. (2022). Uśmiech sędziowski – pomocne i niebezpieczne narzędzie. Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia Nad Prawem, 14(4), 135-150. https://doi.org/10.7206/kp.2080-1084.561

MLA style

Stępień, Mateusz. “Uśmiech Sędziowski – Pomocne I Niebezpieczne Narzędzie”. Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia Nad Prawem, vol. 14, no. 4, 2022, pp. 135-150.

Chicago style

Stępień, Mateusz. “Uśmiech Sędziowski – Pomocne I Niebezpieczne Narzędzie”. Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia Nad Prawem, Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem, 14, no. 4 (2022): 135-150. doi:10.7206/kp.2080-1084.561.

Copyright info

CC-BY

[1] Abel M.H., Watters H., Attributions of guilt and punishment as functions of physical attractiveness and smiling, „Journal of Social Psychology” 2005, 145(6). [Google Scholar]

[2] Anleu S.R., Mack K., Tutton J., Judicial Humour in the Australian Courtroom, „Melbourne University Law Review” 2014, 38(2). [Google Scholar]

[3] Bens J., The courtroom as an affective arrangement: Analysing atmospheres in courtroom ethnography, „The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law” 2018, 50(3). [Google Scholar]

[4] Cohn J.F., Ambadar Z., Ekman P., Observer-based measurement of facial expression with the Facial Action Coding System, [w:] J.A. Coan, J.J.B. Allen (red.), The handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment, Oxford 2007. [Google Scholar]

[5] Dudek M., Stępień M., “I (can) see myself... But what for?” On Live Camera Feeds in Courtrooms (from the Perspective of Witnesses), „International Journal for Semiotics of Law” 2019, 32. [Google Scholar]

[6] Dudek M., Stępień M., Power Distance Dynamics in Courtroom, Cham 2021. [Google Scholar]

[7] Ekman P., Friesen W.V., Felt, false, and miserable smiles, „Journal of Nonverbal Behavior” 1982, 6(4). [Google Scholar]

[8] Frank J., Courts on trial, New Yersey 1949. [Google Scholar]

[9] Giles H. (red.), Communication accommodation theory: Negotiating personal relationships and social identities across contexts, Cambridge 2016. [Google Scholar]

[10] Gmerek K., Rozprawa sądowa jako zdarzenie komunikacji społecznej, Szczecin 2019. [Google Scholar]

[11] Gunnery S.D., Ruben M.A., Perceptions of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles: A meta-analysis, „Cognitive Emotions” 2016, 30(3). [Google Scholar]

[12] Hochschild A., The Managed Heart. Commercialization of Human Feeling, Berkeley 2003. [Google Scholar]

[13] Holmes J., Marra M., Having a laugh at work: how humour contributes to workplace culture, „Journal of Pragmatics”, 2002, 34(12). [Google Scholar]

[14] Konecki J., Nowak P., Zdanikowski P. (red.), Uzasadnienie orzeczenia sądu powszechnego. Język, struktura, metodyka, Warszawa 2022. [Google Scholar]

[15] Laskowski M., Uchybienie godności urzędu sędziego jako podstawa odpowiedzialności dyscyplinarnej, Warszawa 2019. [Google Scholar]

[16] Malphurs R.A., “People did sometimes stick things in my underwear”: The function of laughter at the U.S. Supreme Court, „Communication Law Review” 2010, 10(2). [Google Scholar]

[17] Maroney T.A., Emotional Regulation and Judicial Behavior, „California Law Review” 2011, 99(6) Maroney T.A., The Persistent Cultural Script of Judicial Dispassion, „California Law Review” 2011, 99(2). [Google Scholar]

[18] Milner, J., Anleu S.R. (red.), Judges, judging and humour, London 2018. [Google Scholar]

[19] Nagle J., Brodsky S., Weeter K., Gender, Smiling, and Witness Credibility in Actual Trials, „Behavioral Sciences & the Law” 2014, 32. [Google Scholar]

[20] Najda M., Rutkowska A., Rutkowski D., Psychologia sali sądowej, Bielsko-Biała 2022. [Google Scholar]

[21] Oakley J., Opeskin B., Banter from the Bench: The use of humour in the exercise of judicial functions, „Australian Bar Review” 2016, 42. [Google Scholar]

[22] Rychlowska M., Manstead A.S.R., van der Schalk J., The many faces of smiles, [w:] U. Hess, Hareli S. (red.), The social nature of emotion expression: What emotions can tell us about the world, Cham 2019. [Google Scholar]

[23] Sayette M.A., Cohn J.F., Wertz J.M., Perrott M.A., Parrott D.J.,A psychometric evaluation of the facial action coding system for assessing spontaneous expression, „Journal of Nonverbal [Google Scholar]

[24] Behaviour” 2001, 25. [Google Scholar]

[25] Stępień M., Dudek M., Toward The Three–Level Power Distance Concept: Expanding Geert Hofstede’s Power Distance Beyond Cross–Cultural Context, „Studia Socjologiczne” 2021, 1(240). [Google Scholar]

[26] Świerczyńska-Głownia W., Komunikowanie z perspektywy sali sądowej, Kraków 2019. [Google Scholar]

[27] Wojciechowski M., Dowgiałło B., Rancew-Sikora D., Emotional Labour of Judges, „Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej” 2015, 1(10). [Google Scholar]

[28] Yung C.R., A typology of judging styles, „Northwestern University Law Review” 2013, 107(4). [Google Scholar]

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem