Purpose: The purpose of the study was a critical analysis of the concept of positive psychological
capital (PsyCap) and an indication of its applicability in organizations that implemented participatory
management.

Methodology: The study was based on the review and comparative analysis of literature. The
theoretical foundations of the concept and its practical translation into organization reality, as well
as the results of a meta-analysis of the impact of PsyCap on employee attitudes, behavior and performance,
was presented. The limitations of this concept in the context of participatory management
were also indicated.

Findings: Conducted debate supported the conclusion that the development of employee self-efficacy,
hope, optimism and resilience can contribute to strengthening participatory attitudes among workers,
and thus enhancing the efficiency of the entire organization. However under several conditions,
employee positive psychological states were treated not as organizational resources but as an integral
part of themselves. Employees felt responsible for their personal development and development
of their own PsyCap was optional.

Originality: The study dealt with the relatively new issue of a psychological capital management
in organizations that could provide an alternative to the classical human capital management. Its
implementation in organizations with participatory management has not yet been discussed in the
management literature.

Purpose: This article provides a general review of the debate over rigor and relevance in academia,
specifically in the scientific field of management. It seeks to contribute to the body of literature
while emphasizing instances where the gap between rigor and relevance has been bridged, along
with the role of business schools.

Approach: This takes the approach of underscoring the most important works in the present literature
regarding rigor and relevance, and then focusing on three points of emphasis: 1) role of
business schools in the debate; 2) main points of contention; and 3) strongest examples of success
in this field.

Findings: The most important findings in this work indicate that the debate surrounding relevance
and rigor still persists and may also be reaching a breaking point where the two sides of the debate
cannot reconcile. Various proposed solutions to the debate are available but meaningful action has
yet to be taken.

Implications: The practical applications of this work are manifold. Scholars would have a clearer
understanding of the environments in which their works are operating and practitioners would
find academic works in management more accessible.

Value: This work provides a description of both the points of contention in the rigor vs. relevance
debate and the points of successful unification of the two.

behavior of investors and government in the process of decision-making related to financing designed
to reduce risks in investment activity.

Methodology: Considering the interdependent type (nature) of interactions between related parties,
game theory tools were used to model such interactions. Much attention was directed to search for
parameters of interaction leading to certain Nash equilibriums in pure strategies. The formal results
obtained with the model were verified by statistical analysis.
Findings: Analysis showed that the rational behavior of related parties can lead to unexpected
results. Powerful investors will aim to work in socially-oriented economies, whereas primarily
small investors will operate in most liberal economies with a minimum tax burden but with a higher
level of risk. As for governments’ behaviors, the images are the same: small economies tend to
liberalize their tax systems and to secure investment faster than powerful ones. Empirical verification
based on statistical data of groups of countries generally confirmed the conclusions. These
formal and logical conclusions were from statistical analysis of 124 countries divided into 5 groups:
OECD countries, post-socialist countries, Latin American countries, APAC countries and ACP
countries. Provided that the more powerful ones are covered economies, there was stronger interdependence
between the size of economies and tax burden and also between total investment and
tax burden, where this dependence is positive.

Originality: The results obtained used Nash equilibriums in pure strategies as models of behavioral
norms to define behaviors of related parties and also to explain assumptions concerning the
behaviors of investors and government.

Purpose: Identification of methods for presenting the components of other comprehensive income
in the statement of changes in equity in the reporting practices of public companies in Poland and
Germany.

Methodology: A study of domestic and foreign literature was conducted with analysis of annual
reports of public companies. The study followed the method of induction and to analyse the results,
the structure similarity index was used.

Results: The results of the study supported conclusions that the companies under study had not
developed a uniform presentation of the components of comprehensive income in their statements
of changes in equity. Five options of presenting the components of other comprehensive income in
the statement of changes in equity were identified. Companies both from the WIG 30 and DAX
indices most frequently presented the statement of changes in equity in option 1, which consisted
of presenting the total comprehensive income item in a row and detailed items of equity in columns
in which capital gains and losses were recognized. The differentiated forms of presenting the
components of comprehensive income made it difficult to compare financial statements.

Scope of research: The survey examined the annual reports of the largest Polish and German
public companies respectively from the WIG 30 and DAX indices. The components of other comprehensive
income presented in the statements of changes in equity were the main subject of the
study.

Originality: Comparative studies on the presentation of the components of other comprehensive
income in the statement of changes in equity by public companies in Poland and Germany have
not yet been conducted. This was therefore the research gap addressed in this study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to empirically understand whether Islamic banks have a positive
relationship to economic growth in Indonesia.

Methodology: This study examines the causal relationship amongst several selected variables: real
GDP (RY), total deposit (TD), the change in the Consumer Price Index as an inflation proxy (INF),
and the ratio of total imports and exports to nominal GDP (OE). In order to accomplish the research
objectives of this study, a time series quarterly data spanning from the first quarter of 2003 to the
last quarter of 2011 comprising of 36 data points has been used to perform an effective analysis.

Findings: The inference deduced here is twofold; First Islamic banks in Indonesia are still unable
to contribute significantly to Indonesia’s economic growth. Second, the relationship between Islamic
banks and economic growth in Indonesia is positively but weakly correlated.

Research Limitations: For this time series research, the researcher is limited by the small amount
of data (2003.Q1 to 2011.Q4).