The study deals with the appearance of ne bis in idem in administrative cases, focusing on the cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It focuses on newly emerging cases which do not contain an explicit criminal law element and thus have had to decide on the multiple application of sanctions of an administrative nature. It also refers to the Strasbourg Court’s practice on criminal charges and ne bis in idem, since the key issue for the applicability of the ne bis in idem principle is whether the sanction can be considered criminal in nature. The Engel criteria were used to determine this, which provided sufficient guidance in the initial period, but later cases began to apply a much more complex set of criteria. The paper presents the trends in the EU in the field of multiple administrative sanctions, its twists and turns and the issues raised in the application of the principle from an administrative perspective.

The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the legislation on the fight against illegal employment both at the supranational level of the European Union and at the EU Member States level, inter alia, in Poland, France, and Germany. The leading method in the study was the comparative-legal method. It helped to compare the peculiarities of the practice of European countries in the field of combating illegal employment in the EU Member States, as well as to identify how this issue is regulated. The results demonstrate that illegal employment destroys legal jobs, leads to the increase in unemployment and deprives the state of revenues such as tax and social contributions, etc. That is why international declarations and conventions should guarantee the right to work in the European Union for the citizens of non-European states.

The article discusses the legal character of resolutions adopted by the general meetings of shareholders of capital companies. A proper analysis of the issue is preceded by a definition of legal action. Two groups of opinions are then described: one recognising resolution as legal acts and another refusing to recognise them as such. Following the presentation of the opposing views, the author defines its own position. The main thesis of the article is the claim that, in the light the analysis, the resolution of capital companies must be regarded as legal acts, which will cause a number of further consequences, i.a. in terms of defective resolutions of capital companies and sanctions resulting from that defect.