The Role of Internship and Business Incubation Programs in Forming Entrepreneurial Intentions: an Empirical Analysis from Pakistan

Zreen, Aneeqa; Farrukh, Muhammad; Nazar, Nida; Khalid, Rimsha

Abstract

Purpose: Entrepreneurship is a vital tool for the economic development of any country. As a fiel of research, entrepreneurship has become a diversified area of study. A plethora of studies appeared that investigate the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention, most of them focus on personality traits and other psychological factors. However, the studies focus less on practical entrepreneurial education such as internship and business incubation. Thus, the current study seeks to fill this gap by empirically investigating the impact of business incubators and internship programs on student’s entrepreneurial intention in the Pakistani context.

Methodology: The authors collected data through a structured questionnaire from students and ran partial least square structural equation modeling technique by SmartPLS software. Findings: The results show that business incubators and internship programs have a strong and positive statistically significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions.

Implication: The current study can help policy-makers get a better insight on entrepreneurship so as to improve its innovation, proactivity, and risk-taking ability and how these factors can amend the lack of entrepreneurial awareness among business students.

Keywords

entrepreneurial intentions (1)internship (1)business incubators (1)

References

Albort-Morant, G. and Oghazi, P. (2016). How useful are incubators for new entrepreneurs? Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2125–2129. [Google Scholar]
Asma, K. (2018). Pakistan currently has largest percentage of young people in its history: report. Dawn, https://www.dawn.com/news/1405197 [Google Scholar]
Barbero, J.L., Casillas, J.C., Wright, M. and Garcia, A.R. (2014). Do different types of incubators produce different types of innovations? The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(2), 151–168. [Google Scholar]
Boukamcha, F. (2015). Impact of training on entrepreneurial intention: an interactive cognitive perspective. European Business Review, 27(6), 593–616, https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-12-2014-0090 [Google Scholar]
Chin, W.W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. JSTOR. [Google Scholar]
Cooper, S., Bottomley, C. and Gordon, J. (2004). Stepping out of the classroom and up the ladder of learning: An experiential learning approach to entrepreneurship education. Industry and Higher Education, 18(1), 11–22. [Google Scholar]
DHS (2019). Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018. National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad, Pakistan, https://doi.org/10.2307/1973773 [Google Scholar]
Dilts, J.C. and Fowler, S.M. (1999). Internships: preparing students for an entrepreneurial career. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 51–63. [Google Scholar]
Fang, S.-R., Chang, E., Ou, C.-C. and Chou, C.-H. (2014). Internal market orientation, market capa bilities and learning orientation. European Journal of Marketing, 48(1/2), 170–192. [Google Scholar]
Farrukh, M., Alzubi, Y., Shahzad, I.A., Waheed, A. and Kanwal, N. (2018). Entrepreneurial inten tions: The role of personality traits in perspective of theory of planned behaviour. Asia Pacifi Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 399–414. [Google Scholar]
Farrukh, M., Chong, W.Y., Mansori, S. and Ravan Ramzani, S. (2017). Intrapreneurial behaviour: the role of organizational commitment. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 13(3), 243–256, https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-03-2017-0016 [Google Scholar]
Farrukh, M., Lee, J.W.C. and Shahzad, I.A. (2019). Intrapreneurial behavior in higher education institutes of Pakistan: The role of leadership styles and psychological empowerment. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. [Google Scholar]
Farrukh, M., Wei Ying, C. and Abdallah Ahmed, N.O. (2016). Organizational commitment: Does religiosity matter? Cogent Business and Management, 3(1), 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1239300 [Google Scholar]
Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 382–388. [Google Scholar]
Frazier, B.J. and Niehm, L.S. (2006). Predicting the entrepreneurial intentions of non-business majors: A preliminary investigation. Proceedings of the USASBE/SBI Conference, Tucson, AZ (pp. 14–17). Citeseer. [Google Scholar]

Full metadata record

Cite this record

APA style

Zreen, Aneeqa & Farrukh, Muhammad & Nazar, Nida & Khalid, Rimsha (2019). Zreen, A. , Farrukh, M. , Nazar, N. , & Khalid, R. . (2019). The Role of Internship and Business Incubation Programs in Forming Entrepreneurial Intentions: an Empirical Analysis from Pakistan. Central European Management Journal, 27(2), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.255 (Original work published 2019)

MLA style

Zreen, Aneeqa and Farrukh, Muhammad and Nazar, Nida and Khalid, Rimsha. Zreen, A. , et al. “The Role Of Internship And Business Incubation Programs In Forming Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Empirical Analysis From Pakistan”. 2019. Central European Management Journal, vol. 27, no. 2, 2019, pp. 97-113.

Chicago style

Zreen, Aneeqa and Farrukh, Muhammad and Nazar, Nida and Khalid, Rimsha. Zreen, Aneeqa , Muhammad Farrukh, Nida Nazar, and Rimsha Khalid. “The Role Of Internship And Business Incubation Programs In Forming Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Empirical Analysis From Pakistan”. Central European Management Journal, Central European Management Journal, 27, no. 2 (2019): 97-113. doi:10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.255.

Copyright info

CC-BY-NC-ND

[1] Albort-Morant, G. and Oghazi, P. (2016). How useful are incubators for new entrepreneurs? Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2125–2129. [Google Scholar]

[2] Asma, K. (2018). Pakistan currently has largest percentage of young people in its history: report. Dawn, https://www.dawn.com/news/1405197 [Google Scholar]

[3] Barbero, J.L., Casillas, J.C., Wright, M. and Garcia, A.R. (2014). Do different types of incubators produce different types of innovations? The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39(2), 151–168. [Google Scholar]

[4] Boukamcha, F. (2015). Impact of training on entrepreneurial intention: an interactive cognitive perspective. European Business Review, 27(6), 593–616, https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-12-2014-0090 [Google Scholar]

[5] Chin, W.W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. JSTOR. [Google Scholar]

[6] Cooper, S., Bottomley, C. and Gordon, J. (2004). Stepping out of the classroom and up the ladder of learning: An experiential learning approach to entrepreneurship education. Industry and Higher Education, 18(1), 11–22. [Google Scholar]

[7] DHS (2019). Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018. National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad, Pakistan, https://doi.org/10.2307/1973773 [Google Scholar]

[8] Dilts, J.C. and Fowler, S.M. (1999). Internships: preparing students for an entrepreneurial career. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 51–63. [Google Scholar]

[9] Fang, S.-R., Chang, E., Ou, C.-C. and Chou, C.-H. (2014). Internal market orientation, market capa bilities and learning orientation. European Journal of Marketing, 48(1/2), 170–192. [Google Scholar]

[10] Farrukh, M., Alzubi, Y., Shahzad, I.A., Waheed, A. and Kanwal, N. (2018). Entrepreneurial inten tions: The role of personality traits in perspective of theory of planned behaviour. Asia Pacifi Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 399–414. [Google Scholar]

[11] Farrukh, M., Chong, W.Y., Mansori, S. and Ravan Ramzani, S. (2017). Intrapreneurial behaviour: the role of organizational commitment. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 13(3), 243–256, https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-03-2017-0016 [Google Scholar]

[12] Farrukh, M., Lee, J.W.C. and Shahzad, I.A. (2019). Intrapreneurial behavior in higher education institutes of Pakistan: The role of leadership styles and psychological empowerment. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. [Google Scholar]

[13] Farrukh, M., Wei Ying, C. and Abdallah Ahmed, N.O. (2016). Organizational commitment: Does religiosity matter? Cogent Business and Management, 3(1), 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1239300 [Google Scholar]

[14] Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 382–388. [Google Scholar]

[15] Frazier, B.J. and Niehm, L.S. (2006). Predicting the entrepreneurial intentions of non-business majors: A preliminary investigation. Proceedings of the USASBE/SBI Conference, Tucson, AZ (pp. 14–17). Citeseer. [Google Scholar]

Central European Management Journal