en pl
en pl

Central European Management Journal

Show issue
Year 2018 
Volume 26 
Issue 4

The Notion of Age in Organizational Research

Tanja Kosowski
Kozminski University

2018 26 (4) Central European Management Journal

DOI 10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.241

Abstract

Purpose: The article critically reflects on the issue of age in workforces in human resource management and related fields. Age is widely used by scholars to denote the entire workforce of a company. The vast remit of this concept has resulted in many ongoing debates, such as young vs. old employees, mature employees, the aging workforce, as well as various stereotypes pertaining to age in academic research.

Methodology: The paper reviews recent academic literature: articles from peer-reviewed journals, written in English, and published in 2000–2018. Keywords and elimination criteria are explained in the corresponding section.

Findings: Research in this field shows the use of inhomogeneous groups in accordance to their age, which ultimately threatens to hinder the comparability of undertaken studies in this domain.

Research implications: There exists no clear consensus regarding the age-markers or barriers used to distinguish the workforce of an organization or to form groups of employees of a given age-cluster.

Originality: This text is the first review of studies in the field, in which age has been the main criterion to distinguish workforce. The review encourages dialog among scholars from various disciplines as a way to lessen discrepant categorizations.

References

  1. Czakon, W. (2011). Metodyka systematycznego przeglądu literatury. Przegląd Organizacji, 3: 57–61. [Google Scholar]
  2. Cennamo, L. and Gardner, D. (2008). Generational differences in work values, outcomes and person- organisation values fit. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23: 891–906, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940810904385 [Google Scholar]
  3. Cheung, C.K., Kam, P.K. and Ngan, R.M.H. (2012). Age discrimination in the labor market from the perspective of employers and older workers. International Social Work, 54(1): 118–136, http://doi.org/10.1177/002810372368 [Google Scholar]
  4. Conen, W.S., van Dalen, H.P. and Henkens, K. (2012). Ageing and employers‘ perceptions of labor costs and productivity: A survey among European employers. International Journal of Manpower, 33(6): 629–647, http://doi.org/10.1108/01437721211261796 [Google Scholar]
  5. Conen, W.S., Henkens, K. and Schippers, J.J. (2011). Are employers changing their behavior toward older workers? An analysis of employers’ surveys 2000–2009. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 23: 141–158, http://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2011.551612 [Google Scholar]
  6. Cleveland, J. and Shore, L. (1992). Self- and supervisory perspectives on age and work attitudes and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(4): 469–484, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021–9010.77.4.469 [Google Scholar]
  7. European Commission (2012). Active Ageing. Special Eurobarometer 378, Brussels, http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/index#p=1&yearFrom= 1974&yearTo=2012, accessed 20/08/2018. [Google Scholar]
  8. Furunes, T. and Mykletun, R.J. (2010). “Age discrimination in the workplace: Validation of the Nordic Age Discrimination Scale (NADS). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(1): 23–30, http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467–9450.2009.00738.x [Google Scholar]
  9. Indexmundi, https://www.indexmundi.com/netherlands/median_age.html (18.10.2018). [Google Scholar]
  10. James, J.B., McKechnie, S., Swanberg, J. and Besen, E. (2013). Exploring the workplace impact of intentional/unintentional age discrimination. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(7): 907–927, http://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06–2013–0179 [Google Scholar]
  11. Kooij, D., De Lange, A.H., Jansen, P.G.W., Kanfer, R. and Dikkers, J.S.E. (2011). Age and work-related motives: Results of a meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(2): 197–225, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.665 [Google Scholar]
  12. Kupperschmidt, B. (2000). Multigeneration Employees: Strategies for Effective Management. Health Care Manager, 19(1): 65–76, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126450–200019010–00011 [Google Scholar]
  13. Lange, A.H. de, Taris, T.W., Jansen, P.G.W., Smulders, P., Houtman, I.L.D. and Kompier, M.A.J. (2006). Age as a factor in the relation between work and mental health: results from the longitudinal TAS study. In: J. Houdmont and S. McIntyre (eds). Occupational Health Psychology: European Perspectives on Research, Education and Practice, 1: 21–45, ISMAI Publications, Maia, Portugal, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470661550 [Google Scholar]
  14. Laslett, P. (1996). A Fresh Map of Life (2nd edition). Macmillan Press, London, UK, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978–1-349–24615–1 [Google Scholar]
  15. Loughlin, C. and Barling, J. (2001). Young workers’ work values, attitudes, and behaviours. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(4): 543–558, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317901167514 [Google Scholar]
  16. Lyons, S., Duxbury, L. and Higgins, C. (2007). An empirical assessment of generational differences in basic human values. Psychological Reports, 39, http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/PR0.101.6.339–352 [Google Scholar]
  17. Maison, D. (2014). Values and Lifestyle Segmentation of Poles 55+ and Its Implications for Consumers’ Attitudes and Behaviour. Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, 22(4): 78–94, https://dx.doi.org/10.7206/mba.ce.2084–3356.121 [Google Scholar]
  18. McCarthy, J., Heraty, N. and Cross, C. (2014). Who is considered an ´older worker´? Extending our conceptualisation of ´older´from an organisational decision maker perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(4): 374–393, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1748–8583.12041 [Google Scholar]
  19. OECD (2014a). Education at a glance 2014, http://www.oecd.org/education/Netherlands-EAG2014-Country-Note.pdf (18.10.2018). [Google Scholar]
  20. OECD (2014a). Education at a glance 2014, http://www.oecd.org/education/Slovak%20Republic-EAG2014-Country-Note.pdf (18.10.2018). [Google Scholar]
  21. Parry, E. and Urwin, P. (2011). Generational Differences in Work Values: A Review of Theory and Evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1): 79–96, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468–2370.2010.00285.x [Google Scholar]
  22. Poulston, J. and Jenkins, A. (2013). The Persistent Paradigm: Older Worker Stereotypes in the New Zealand Hotel Industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 12: 1–25, http://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2013.723252 [Google Scholar]
  23. Schalk, R., van Veldhoven, M., de Lange, A.H., De Witte, H., Kraus, K., Stamov-Roßnagel, C., Tordera, N., van der Heijden, B., Zappalà, S., Matthijs, B., Claes, R., Crego, A., Dorenbosch, L., de Jonge, J., Desmette, D., Gellert, F., Hansez, I., Iller, C., Kooij, D., Kuipers, B., Linkola, P., van den Broeck, A., van der Schoot, E. and Zacher, H. (2010). Moving European research on work and ageing forward: overview and agenda. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology, 19(1): 76–101, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13594320802674629 [Google Scholar]
  24. Sterns, H.L. and Doverspike, D. (1989). Aging and the retraining and learning process in organisations. In: I. Goldstein and R. Katzel (eds). Training and Development in Work Organisations. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, United States, http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.43.020192.00215 [Google Scholar]
  25. Taranko, T. (2009). The impact of population ageing on the life insurance market in Poland. Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, 17(1): 75–88. [Google Scholar]
  26. Trochimiuk, R. (2014). Professional Development of Older Employees in Small and Medium Enterprises. Journal of Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, 23(1): 79–94, http://dx.doi.org/10.7206/mba.ce.2084–3356.135 [Google Scholar]
  27. Turek, K. and Perek-Bialas, J. (2013). The role of employers opinions about skills and productivity of older workers: example of Poland. Employee Relations, 35(6): 648–664, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ER-04–2013 [Google Scholar]
  28. Vaahtio, E.L. (2006). Avaa ikälukot. Vapaudu johtamaan. Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki, Finland [Google Scholar]
  29. World Economic Forum (WEF) (2016). Shaping the Global Agenda on Ageing: Meeting the Needs of Cognitive Decline. REF 290716, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Meeting_Needs_Cognitive_Decline_070916.pdf (28/08/2018). [Google Scholar]
  30. World Health Rankins, https://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/netherlands-life-expectancy (18.10.2018). [Google Scholar]

Full metadata record

Cite this record

APA style

Kosowski,Tanja (2018). The Notion of Age in Organizational Research. (2018). The Notion of Age in Organizational Research. Central European Management Journal, 26(4), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.241 (Original work published 2018)

MLA style

Kosowski,Tanja. “The Notion Of Age In Organizational Research”. 2018. Central European Management Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, 2018, pp. 32-46.

Chicago style

Kosowski,Tanja. “The Notion Of Age In Organizational Research”. Central European Management Journal, Central European Management Journal, 26, no. 4 (2018): 32-46. doi:10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.241.