Tematem tego artykułu są publicznoprawne instrumenty kontroli wykonywania obowiązków przez doktoranta studiującego w szkole doktorskiej. W opracowaniu przestawiono złożony status doktoranta, na który składają się zarówno obowiązki publicznoprawne, jak i cywilnoprawne (wynikające z indywidualnego planu badawczego) oraz zarysowano model należytej staranności w nauce (obowiązujący też doktoranta). Okazuje się, że w pierwszym okresie studiów doktoranckich istotny wpływ na rozwój naukowy doktoranta ma jego bezpośrednie uczestnictwo w zaję-ciach. Niestety, w praktyce okazuje się, że instrumenty prawne, które posiada szkoła doktorska w zakresie kontroli tego obowiązku są nieefektywne, gdyż nie ma możliwości weryfikacji autentyczności zwolnień lekarskich. W ostatniej części przedstawiono więc publicznoprawne sankcje ze wskazaniem, jakie zmiany należałoby wprowadzić w obowiązujących przepisach, aby zapobiec nadużyciom w pobieraniu stypendium przez osoby, które tylko pozorują działania naukowe. Te zmiany nie spowodują dodatkowych kosztów w finansach publicznych, lecz tylko uszczelnią ten system.

So far, numerous influential studies have been made in reference to the phenomenon of ‘good governance’ in formal and legal, and economic terms or in terms of political science. The purpose of this paper is to present an interdisciplinary approach that attempts to integrate legal, economic and political sciences to analyse especially the legal and economic contexts of the indicated concept. The task of the article is to show the co-dependency and interactions between ‘good governance’ and the school of law and economy, especially within the phenomenon of supranational institutionalisation whose foundations still include the realisation of the principles of ‘good governance’. Despite the legal and economic themes, the indicated areas also formulate a defined scope of politics that is worth seeing through the prism of the apparatus of political science. The extremely economic approach demands focus on the processes of maximising profits/minimising resources; however, one must not ignore the element of classic politics that refers to disputes about various attitudes and values. The hypothesis of the article is the following statement: the decomposition of the liberal model of law and global economy translates into the phenomenon of the economic downturn of supranational structures, which leads to more primitive forms of domination and subordination in place of current practices whose purpose is to implement the regulations of ‘good governance’.

In the paper, we deal with the issue of education of lawyers in doctoral schools in
Poland. We describe the basic solutions adopted by the Constitution for Science regarding doctoral students. Based on socio-legal theory of the neutralisation of values in the law, we point out a few basic the categories of problems resulting from the regulations and the implementation of the act. They are: a vision of a doctoral candidate, a vision of a graduate, internationalization, interdisciplinarity, structure of doctoral schools and financing of doctoral education. The article is exploratory in nature, so its primary purpose is recognising and drawing attention to the problems and research questions that should be studied in further research.

The goal of this article is to highlight the role of a school, here understood as an educational facility, during the course of parental rights termination proceedings. There can be no doubt that the process of upbringing, especially the domestic factors and intense stimulus to which the child is subjected translate into patterns of behaviour and the way the child functions at school. Notably, prolonged learn-ing difficulties among children or periods in which the child presents complete disregard for societal norms and a lack of discipline should be a clear signal for the teachers and counsellors to review the family environment of the pupil in question. The article covers data regarding the school’s participation in the parental rights termination proceedings – e.g. opinions and recommendations formulated by the schools, teacher’s testimonies and children scorecards which reflect the educational progress of the child. The materials used include source materials (acts and ordinances, written opinions, Supreme and common court rulings), results of own research – casefile review based on a targeted casefile research questionnaire.

The article discusses the issue of the conflict between social roles in the professional activity pursued by so-called liberal professions, especially by researchers. It offers a normative approach to the issue as covered in the Code of Ethics for Research Workers (Kodeks Etyki Pracownika Naukowego) and in the Code of Good Practices in Universities (Dobre Praktyki w Szkołach Wyższych). Emphasis has been placed on the types of conflicts and on their significance to the ethical aspect of professional
activity, accompanied by a simultaneous reminder that conflict tends to be a factor contributing to the axiological balance in society and to society’s efficiency.