en pl
en pl

Central European Management Journal

Show issue
Year 2016 
Volume 24 
Issue 3

Work-Related Identity of Clinical Research Sector Employees in Poland Against Professional Transformation of the Industry

Barbara Kozierkiewicz
Kozminski University

2016 24 (3) Central European Management Journal

DOI 10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.176

Article contents

Abstract

Purpose: Established professions and knowledge workers identify more with their professional groups than with their organisations. The purpose of the study was to find what kind of work-related identities are shown by clinical research sector employees in Poland, what is the intensity of those identities and which one is dominant.

Methodology: The study started with qualitative interviews dedicated to professional changes and to work-related identity. The latter was selected for the main quantitative part of the study and its five types were defined related to the trained profession, the practised profession, organizational, relational and task-related work identities. Intensity of these pre-defined identities was tested with a use of a questionnaire completed by 147 representatives of the sector under study. Statistical analysis of the collected data verified the research hypotheses that assumed a certain gradation of these work-related identities.

Results: Professional identity related to the practised occupation was placed on the highest level followed by task-related identity. Relational and organisational identities were classified on the third and fourth levels. Identity related to the trained occupation achieved the lowest score. The employing organization type had no effect on the manifested professional identity.

Originality value: As a developing new occupation, the study group itself was an interesting population for studying work-related identity. Combining the qualitative and quantitative methods enabled evaluation of the results against the professional changes shaping the sector, which can have an impact on building the work-related identity of its employees.

References

  1. Abbott, A. (1988). The System of Professions, An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]
  2. Adair, J. (2000). Anatomia biznesu. Motywacja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Studio Emka. [Google Scholar]
  3. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1996). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: An Examination of Construct Validity. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 49: 252–276, http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043 [Google Scholar]
  4. Alvesson, M. (2000). Social identity and problem of loyalty in knowledge intensive companies. Journal of Management Studies, 37(8): 1101–1123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00218 [Google Scholar]
  5. Ashforth, B.E. and Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organisation. Academy of Management Review, 14(1): 20–39. [Google Scholar]
  6. Ashforth, B.E., Harrison, S.H. and Corley, K.G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions. Journal of Management, 34: 325–374, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059 [Google Scholar]
  7. Alvesson, M. and Robertson, M. (2006). The Best and the Brightest: The Construction, Significance and Effects of Elite Identities in Consulting Firms. Organization, 13(195): 194–224, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508406061674 [Google Scholar]
  8. Bamber, E.M. and Iyer, V.M. (2002). Big 5 Auditors’ Professional and Organizational Identification: Consistency or Conflict? Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(2): 21–38. [Google Scholar]
  9. Barker, J.R. (1993). Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 408–437, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393374 [Google Scholar]
  10. Brewer, M.B. and Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this ‘we’? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71: 83–93, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 [Google Scholar]
  11. Burke, P.J. and Reitzes, D.C. (1991). An identity theory approach commitment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54: 239–251, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786653 [Google Scholar]
  12. Clinical Research in Poland – Main Challenges (2010). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, http://infarma.pl/fileadmin/badania_kliniczne_raport/Clinical %20trials%20in%20Poland%20 2010.pdf (19.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  13. Clinical trials in Poland (2015). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, December. [Google Scholar]
  14. Cornelissen, J.P., Haslam, S.A. and Balmer, J.M.T. (2007). Social Identity, Organizational Identity and Corporate Identity: Towards an Integrated Understanding of Processes, Patternings and Products. British Journal of Management, 18: 1–16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00522.x [Google Scholar]
  15. Czarkowska, L.D. (2010). Nowy profesjonalizm. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  16. Czarnota-Bojarska, J. (2010). Dopasowanie człowiek–organizacja i tożsamość organizacyjna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. [Google Scholar]
  17. Dukerich, J.M., Golden, B.R. and Shortell, S.M. (2002). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 507–533, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3094849 [Google Scholar]
  18. Dutton, J. E., Dukerish, J. M., Harquail, C.V. (1994). Organisational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 239–263, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393235 [Google Scholar]
  19. Edwards, M.R. (2005). Organisational identification: A conceptual and operational review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7(4): 207–230, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2005.00114.x [Google Scholar]
  20. Ellemers, N., Gilder, D. and Haslam, A.S. (2004). Motivating individuals and group at work: a social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 459–478, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2004. 13670967 [Google Scholar]
  21. Feather, N. and Rauter, K. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviors in relation to job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 77(1): 81–94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928 [Google Scholar]
  22. Gecas, V. (1982). The self-concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 8: 1–33, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.so.08.080182.000245 [Google Scholar]
  23. Gouldner, A.W. (1957). Cosmopolitans and Locals: Toward and Analysis of Latent Social Roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(1): 281–306, http://dx.doi.org/10. 2307/2391000 [Google Scholar]
  24. Haslam, S.A., Ryan, M.K., Postmes, T., Spears, R., Jetten, J. and Webley, P. (2006). Sticking to our guns: social identity as a basis for the maintenance of commitment to faltering organizational projects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 607–628, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.370 [Google Scholar]
  25. Ibarra, H.J. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 764–791, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 2667055 [Google Scholar]
  26. Jemielniak, D. (2008). Praca oparta na wiedzy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  27. Johnson, R.E., Chang, C., Yang, L. (2010). Commitment and Motivation at Work: The Relevance Of Employee Identity And Regulatory Focus. Academy of Management Review, 35(2): 226–245, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.48463332 [Google Scholar]
  28. Johnson, M.D., Morgeson, F.P., Ilgen, D.R., Meyer, C.J. and Lloyd, J.W. (2006). Multiple Professional Identities: Examining Differences in Identification Across Work-Related targets. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2): 498–506, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.91.2.498 [Google Scholar]
  29. Karlberg, J.P.E. (2008). West to East Drift in European Sponsored Clinical Trials. Clinical Trial Magnifier, 1(1): 1–11. [Google Scholar]
  30. Kong, D.T. (2015). The pathway to unethical pro-organizational behavior: Organizational identification as a joint function of work passion and trait mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.035 [Google Scholar]
  31. Kostera, M. (ed.) (2008). Współczesne koncepcje zarządzania. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  32. Kozierkiewicz, B. (2013). Tożsamość zawodowa pracowników branży badań klinicznych w Polsce. In: Cz. Szmidt (ed.), Aktualne wyzwania zarządzania i ekonomii. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Poltext. [Google Scholar]
  33. Koźmiński, A.K. (2004). Zarządzanie w warunkach niepewności. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. [Google Scholar]
  34. Kunda, G. (1992). Engineering Culture. Control and commitment in High­Tech Corporation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.2.228 [Google Scholar]
  35. Larson, G.S. and Pepper, G.L. (2003). Strategies for managing multiple organizational identifications. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(4): 528–557: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318903251626 [Google Scholar]
  36. Mael, F. and Ashforth, B. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13(2): 103–123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202 [Google Scholar]
  37. Marks, A. and Scholarios, D. (2007). Revisiting technical workers: professional and organizational identities in the software industry. New technology, Work and employment, 22(2): 98–117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2007.00193.x [Google Scholar]
  38. Nelsen, B.J. and Barley, S.R. (1997). For Love or Money? Commodification and the Construction of an Occupational Mandate. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4): 619–653, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393652 [Google Scholar]
  39. Pratt, M.G., Rockman, K.W. and Kaufmann, J.B. (2006). Constructing Professional Identity: The role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2): 235–262, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786060 [Google Scholar]
  40. Ricketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66: 358–384, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005 [Google Scholar]
  41. Rousseau, D.M. (1998). Why workers still identify with organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: 217–233, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:3<217::AIDJOB931>3.0.CO;2-N [Google Scholar]
  42. Russo, T.C. (1998). Organizational and professional identification: A case of newspaper journalists. Management Communication Quarterly, 12(1): 72–111, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318998121003 [Google Scholar]
  43. Sluss, D.M. and Ashforth, B.E. (2007). Relational Identity and identification, Defining ourselves through work relationship. Academy of Management Review, 32: 9–32, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.23463672 [Google Scholar]
  44. Steinberg, R.M. (2016). Why All the Fuss Over Culture? Compliance Week, 13(145): 46–47. Stryker, S. and Burke, P.J. (2000). The past, present and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4): 284–297, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2695840 [Google Scholar]
  45. Sveningsson, S. and Alvesson, M. (2003). Managing managerial identities: Organizational fragmentation, discourse and identity struggle. Human Relations, 56(10): 1163–1193, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00187267035610001 [Google Scholar]
  46. Van Dick, R. (2001), Identification in organizational Centex: linking theory and research from social and organization psychology. International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(4): 265–283, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00068 [Google Scholar]
  47. Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Stellmacher, J., Christ, O. and Tissington, P.A. (2005). To Be(long) or Not to Be(long): Social Identification in Organizational Contexts. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 131(3): 189–218, http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/ MONO.131.3.189-218 [Google Scholar]
  48. Van Dick, R., Hirst, G., Grojean, M., Wieseke, J. (2007). Relationship between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behavior. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 80(1): 133–150, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317905X71831 [Google Scholar]
  49. Van Knippenberg, D. and Van Schie, E.C.M. (2000). Foci and correlates of organisational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 73: 137–147. [Google Scholar]
  50. Varshavsly, S. and Platonov, P.G. (2004). FDA inspections Outside the USA: An Eastern European perspective, Applied Clinical Trials Online, http://www.appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com/appliedclinicaltrials/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=121811 (8.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  51. Young people on the labour market (2014). SW Research, March. [Google Scholar]
  52. Abbott, A. (1988). The System of Professions, An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]
  53. Adair, J. (2000). Anatomia biznesu. Motywacja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Studio Emka. [Google Scholar]
  54. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1996). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: An Examination of Construct Validity. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 49: 252–276, http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043 [Google Scholar]
  55. Alvesson, M. (2000). Social identity and problem of loyalty in knowledge intensive companies. Journal of Management Studies, 37(8): 1101–1123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00218 [Google Scholar]
  56. Ashforth, B.E. and Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organisation. Academy of Management Review, 14(1): 20–39. [Google Scholar]
  57. Ashforth, B.E., Harrison, S.H. and Corley, K.G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions. Journal of Management, 34: 325–374, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059 [Google Scholar]
  58. Alvesson, M. and Robertson, M. (2006). The Best and the Brightest: The Construction, Significance and Effects of Elite Identities in Consulting Firms. Organization, 13(195): 194–224, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508406061674 [Google Scholar]
  59. Bamber, E.M. and Iyer, V.M. (2002). Big 5 Auditors’ Professional and Organizational Identification: Consistency or Conflict? Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(2): 21–38. [Google Scholar]
  60. Barker, J.R. (1993). Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 408–437, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393374 [Google Scholar]
  61. Brewer, M.B. and Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this ‘we’? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71: 83–93, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 [Google Scholar]
  62. Burke, P.J. and Reitzes, D.C. (1991). An identity theory approach commitment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54: 239–251, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786653 [Google Scholar]
  63. Clinical Research in Poland – Main Challenges (2010). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, http://infarma.pl/fileadmin/badania_kliniczne_raport/Clinical %20trials%20in%20Poland%20 2010.pdf (19.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  64. Clinical trials in Poland (2015). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, December. [Google Scholar]
  65. Cornelissen, J.P., Haslam, S.A. and Balmer, J.M.T. (2007). Social Identity, Organizational Identity and Corporate Identity: Towards an Integrated Understanding of Processes, Patternings and Products. British Journal of Management, 18: 1–16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00522.x [Google Scholar]
  66. Czarkowska, L.D. (2010). Nowy profesjonalizm. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  67. Czarnota-Bojarska, J. (2010). Dopasowanie człowiek–organizacja i tożsamość organizacyjna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. [Google Scholar]
  68. Dukerich, J.M., Golden, B.R. and Shortell, S.M. (2002). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 507–533, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3094849 [Google Scholar]
  69. Dutton, J. E., Dukerish, J. M., Harquail, C.V. (1994). Organisational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 239–263, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393235 [Google Scholar]
  70. Edwards, M.R. (2005). Organisational identification: A conceptual and operational review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7(4): 207–230, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2005.00114.x [Google Scholar]
  71. Ellemers, N., Gilder, D. and Haslam, A.S. (2004). Motivating individuals and group at work: a social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 459–478, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2004. 13670967 [Google Scholar]
  72. Feather, N. and Rauter, K. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviors in relation to job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 77(1): 81–94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928 [Google Scholar]
  73. Gecas, V. (1982). The self-concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 8: 1–33, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.so.08.080182.000245 [Google Scholar]
  74. Gouldner, A.W. (1957). Cosmopolitans and Locals: Toward and Analysis of Latent Social Roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(1): 281–306, http://dx.doi.org/10. 2307/2391000 [Google Scholar]
  75. Haslam, S.A., Ryan, M.K., Postmes, T., Spears, R., Jetten, J. and Webley, P. (2006). Sticking to our guns: social identity as a basis for the maintenance of commitment to faltering organizational projects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 607–628, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.370 [Google Scholar]
  76. Ibarra, H.J. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 764–791, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 2667055 [Google Scholar]
  77. Jemielniak, D. (2008). Praca oparta na wiedzy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  78. Johnson, R.E., Chang, C., Yang, L. (2010). Commitment and Motivation at Work: The Relevance Of Employee Identity And Regulatory Focus. Academy of Management Review, 35(2): 226–245, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.48463332 [Google Scholar]
  79. Johnson, M.D., Morgeson, F.P., Ilgen, D.R., Meyer, C.J. and Lloyd, J.W. (2006). Multiple Professional Identities: Examining Differences in Identification Across Work-Related targets. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2): 498–506, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.91.2.498 [Google Scholar]
  80. Karlberg, J.P.E. (2008). West to East Drift in European Sponsored Clinical Trials. Clinical Trial Magnifier, 1(1): 1–11. [Google Scholar]
  81. Kong, D.T. (2015). The pathway to unethical pro-organizational behavior: Organizational identification as a joint function of work passion and trait mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.035 [Google Scholar]
  82. Kostera, M. (ed.) (2008). Współczesne koncepcje zarządzania. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  83. Kozierkiewicz, B. (2013). Tożsamość zawodowa pracowników branży badań klinicznych w Polsce. In: Cz. Szmidt (ed.), Aktualne wyzwania zarządzania i ekonomii. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Poltext. [Google Scholar]
  84. Koźmiński, A.K. (2004). Zarządzanie w warunkach niepewności. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. [Google Scholar]
  85. Kunda, G. (1992). Engineering Culture. Control and commitment in High­Tech Corporation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.2.228 [Google Scholar]
  86. Larson, G.S. and Pepper, G.L. (2003). Strategies for managing multiple organizational identifications. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(4): 528–557: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318903251626 [Google Scholar]
  87. Mael, F. and Ashforth, B. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13(2): 103–123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202 [Google Scholar]
  88. Marks, A. and Scholarios, D. (2007). Revisiting technical workers: professional and organizational identities in the software industry. New technology, Work and employment, 22(2): 98–117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2007.00193.x [Google Scholar]
  89. Nelsen, B.J. and Barley, S.R. (1997). For Love or Money? Commodification and the Construction of an Occupational Mandate. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4): 619–653, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393652 [Google Scholar]
  90. Pratt, M.G., Rockman, K.W. and Kaufmann, J.B. (2006). Constructing Professional Identity: The role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2): 235–262, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786060 [Google Scholar]
  91. Ricketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66: 358–384, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005 [Google Scholar]
  92. Rousseau, D.M. (1998). Why workers still identify with organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: 217–233, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:3<217::AIDJOB931>3.0.CO;2-N [Google Scholar]
  93. Russo, T.C. (1998). Organizational and professional identification: A case of newspaper journalists. Management Communication Quarterly, 12(1): 72–111, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318998121003 [Google Scholar]
  94. Sluss, D.M. and Ashforth, B.E. (2007). Relational Identity and identification, Defining ourselves through work relationship. Academy of Management Review, 32: 9–32, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.23463672 [Google Scholar]
  95. Steinberg, R.M. (2016). Why All the Fuss Over Culture? Compliance Week, 13(145): 46–47. Stryker, S. and Burke, P.J. (2000). The past, present and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4): 284–297, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2695840 [Google Scholar]
  96. Sveningsson, S. and Alvesson, M. (2003). Managing managerial identities: Organizational fragmentation, discourse and identity struggle. Human Relations, 56(10): 1163–1193, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00187267035610001 [Google Scholar]
  97. Van Dick, R. (2001), Identification in organizational Centex: linking theory and research from social and organization psychology. International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(4): 265–283, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00068 [Google Scholar]
  98. Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Stellmacher, J., Christ, O. and Tissington, P.A. (2005). To Be(long) or Not to Be(long): Social Identification in Organizational Contexts. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 131(3): 189–218, http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/ MONO.131.3.189-218 [Google Scholar]
  99. Van Dick, R., Hirst, G., Grojean, M., Wieseke, J. (2007). Relationship between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behavior. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 80(1): 133–150, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317905X71831 [Google Scholar]
  100. Van Knippenberg, D. and Van Schie, E.C.M. (2000). Foci and correlates of organisational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 73: 137–147. [Google Scholar]
  101. Varshavsly, S. and Platonov, P.G. (2004). FDA inspections Outside the USA: An Eastern European perspective, Applied Clinical Trials Online, http://www.appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com/appliedclinicaltrials/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=121811 (8.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  102. Young people on the labour market (2014). SW Research, March. [Google Scholar]
  103. Abbott, A. (1988). The System of Professions, An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]
  104. Adair, J. (2000). Anatomia biznesu. Motywacja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Studio Emka. [Google Scholar]
  105. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1996). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: An Examination of Construct Validity. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 49: 252–276, http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043 [Google Scholar]
  106. Alvesson, M. (2000). Social identity and problem of loyalty in knowledge intensive companies. Journal of Management Studies, 37(8): 1101–1123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00218 [Google Scholar]
  107. Ashforth, B.E. and Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organisation. Academy of Management Review, 14(1): 20–39. [Google Scholar]
  108. Ashforth, B.E., Harrison, S.H. and Corley, K.G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions. Journal of Management, 34: 325–374, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059 [Google Scholar]
  109. Alvesson, M. and Robertson, M. (2006). The Best and the Brightest: The Construction, Significance and Effects of Elite Identities in Consulting Firms. Organization, 13(195): 194–224, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508406061674 [Google Scholar]
  110. Bamber, E.M. and Iyer, V.M. (2002). Big 5 Auditors’ Professional and Organizational Identification: Consistency or Conflict? Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(2): 21–38. [Google Scholar]
  111. Barker, J.R. (1993). Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 408–437, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393374 [Google Scholar]
  112. Brewer, M.B. and Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this ‘we’? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71: 83–93, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 [Google Scholar]
  113. Burke, P.J. and Reitzes, D.C. (1991). An identity theory approach commitment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54: 239–251, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786653 [Google Scholar]
  114. Clinical Research in Poland – Main Challenges (2010). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, http://infarma.pl/fileadmin/badania_kliniczne_raport/Clinical %20trials%20in%20Poland%20 2010.pdf (19.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  115. Clinical trials in Poland (2015). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, December. [Google Scholar]
  116. Cornelissen, J.P., Haslam, S.A. and Balmer, J.M.T. (2007). Social Identity, Organizational Identity and Corporate Identity: Towards an Integrated Understanding of Processes, Patternings and Products. British Journal of Management, 18: 1–16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00522.x [Google Scholar]
  117. Czarkowska, L.D. (2010). Nowy profesjonalizm. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  118. Czarnota-Bojarska, J. (2010). Dopasowanie człowiek–organizacja i tożsamość organizacyjna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. [Google Scholar]
  119. Dukerich, J.M., Golden, B.R. and Shortell, S.M. (2002). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 507–533, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3094849 [Google Scholar]
  120. Dutton, J. E., Dukerish, J. M., Harquail, C.V. (1994). Organisational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 239–263, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393235 [Google Scholar]
  121. Edwards, M.R. (2005). Organisational identification: A conceptual and operational review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7(4): 207–230, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2005.00114.x [Google Scholar]
  122. Ellemers, N., Gilder, D. and Haslam, A.S. (2004). Motivating individuals and group at work: a social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 459–478, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2004. 13670967 [Google Scholar]
  123. Feather, N. and Rauter, K. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviors in relation to job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 77(1): 81–94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928 [Google Scholar]
  124. Gecas, V. (1982). The self-concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 8: 1–33, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.so.08.080182.000245 [Google Scholar]
  125. Gouldner, A.W. (1957). Cosmopolitans and Locals: Toward and Analysis of Latent Social Roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(1): 281–306, http://dx.doi.org/10. 2307/2391000 [Google Scholar]
  126. Haslam, S.A., Ryan, M.K., Postmes, T., Spears, R., Jetten, J. and Webley, P. (2006). Sticking to our guns: social identity as a basis for the maintenance of commitment to faltering organizational projects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 607–628, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.370 [Google Scholar]
  127. Ibarra, H.J. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 764–791, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 2667055 [Google Scholar]
  128. Jemielniak, D. (2008). Praca oparta na wiedzy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  129. Johnson, R.E., Chang, C., Yang, L. (2010). Commitment and Motivation at Work: The Relevance Of Employee Identity And Regulatory Focus. Academy of Management Review, 35(2): 226–245, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.48463332 [Google Scholar]
  130. Johnson, M.D., Morgeson, F.P., Ilgen, D.R., Meyer, C.J. and Lloyd, J.W. (2006). Multiple Professional Identities: Examining Differences in Identification Across Work-Related targets. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2): 498–506, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.91.2.498 [Google Scholar]
  131. Karlberg, J.P.E. (2008). West to East Drift in European Sponsored Clinical Trials. Clinical Trial Magnifier, 1(1): 1–11. [Google Scholar]
  132. Kong, D.T. (2015). The pathway to unethical pro-organizational behavior: Organizational identification as a joint function of work passion and trait mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.035 [Google Scholar]
  133. Kostera, M. (ed.) (2008). Współczesne koncepcje zarządzania. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  134. Kozierkiewicz, B. (2013). Tożsamość zawodowa pracowników branży badań klinicznych w Polsce. In: Cz. Szmidt (ed.), Aktualne wyzwania zarządzania i ekonomii. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Poltext. [Google Scholar]
  135. Koźmiński, A.K. (2004). Zarządzanie w warunkach niepewności. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. [Google Scholar]
  136. Kunda, G. (1992). Engineering Culture. Control and commitment in High­Tech Corporation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.2.228 [Google Scholar]
  137. Larson, G.S. and Pepper, G.L. (2003). Strategies for managing multiple organizational identifications. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(4): 528–557: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318903251626 [Google Scholar]
  138. Mael, F. and Ashforth, B. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13(2): 103–123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202 [Google Scholar]
  139. Marks, A. and Scholarios, D. (2007). Revisiting technical workers: professional and organizational identities in the software industry. New technology, Work and employment, 22(2): 98–117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2007.00193.x [Google Scholar]
  140. Nelsen, B.J. and Barley, S.R. (1997). For Love or Money? Commodification and the Construction of an Occupational Mandate. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4): 619–653, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393652 [Google Scholar]
  141. Pratt, M.G., Rockman, K.W. and Kaufmann, J.B. (2006). Constructing Professional Identity: The role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2): 235–262, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786060 [Google Scholar]
  142. Ricketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66: 358–384, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005 [Google Scholar]
  143. Rousseau, D.M. (1998). Why workers still identify with organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: 217–233, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:3<217::AIDJOB931>3.0.CO;2-N [Google Scholar]
  144. Russo, T.C. (1998). Organizational and professional identification: A case of newspaper journalists. Management Communication Quarterly, 12(1): 72–111, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318998121003 [Google Scholar]
  145. Sluss, D.M. and Ashforth, B.E. (2007). Relational Identity and identification, Defining ourselves through work relationship. Academy of Management Review, 32: 9–32, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.23463672 [Google Scholar]
  146. Steinberg, R.M. (2016). Why All the Fuss Over Culture? Compliance Week, 13(145): 46–47. Stryker, S. and Burke, P.J. (2000). The past, present and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4): 284–297, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2695840 [Google Scholar]
  147. Sveningsson, S. and Alvesson, M. (2003). Managing managerial identities: Organizational fragmentation, discourse and identity struggle. Human Relations, 56(10): 1163–1193, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00187267035610001 [Google Scholar]
  148. Van Dick, R. (2001), Identification in organizational Centex: linking theory and research from social and organization psychology. International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(4): 265–283, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00068 [Google Scholar]
  149. Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Stellmacher, J., Christ, O. and Tissington, P.A. (2005). To Be(long) or Not to Be(long): Social Identification in Organizational Contexts. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 131(3): 189–218, http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/ MONO.131.3.189-218 [Google Scholar]
  150. Van Dick, R., Hirst, G., Grojean, M., Wieseke, J. (2007). Relationship between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behavior. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 80(1): 133–150, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317905X71831 [Google Scholar]
  151. Van Knippenberg, D. and Van Schie, E.C.M. (2000). Foci and correlates of organisational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 73: 137–147. [Google Scholar]
  152. Varshavsly, S. and Platonov, P.G. (2004). FDA inspections Outside the USA: An Eastern European perspective, Applied Clinical Trials Online, http://www.appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com/appliedclinicaltrials/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=121811 (8.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  153. Young people on the labour market (2014). SW Research, March. [Google Scholar]
  154. Abbott, A. (1988). The System of Professions, An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]
  155. Adair, J. (2000). Anatomia biznesu. Motywacja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Studio Emka. [Google Scholar]
  156. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1996). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: An Examination of Construct Validity. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 49: 252–276, http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043 [Google Scholar]
  157. Alvesson, M. (2000). Social identity and problem of loyalty in knowledge intensive companies. Journal of Management Studies, 37(8): 1101–1123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00218 [Google Scholar]
  158. Ashforth, B.E. and Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organisation. Academy of Management Review, 14(1): 20–39. [Google Scholar]
  159. Ashforth, B.E., Harrison, S.H. and Corley, K.G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions. Journal of Management, 34: 325–374, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059 [Google Scholar]
  160. Alvesson, M. and Robertson, M. (2006). The Best and the Brightest: The Construction, Significance and Effects of Elite Identities in Consulting Firms. Organization, 13(195): 194–224, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508406061674 [Google Scholar]
  161. Bamber, E.M. and Iyer, V.M. (2002). Big 5 Auditors’ Professional and Organizational Identification: Consistency or Conflict? Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(2): 21–38. [Google Scholar]
  162. Barker, J.R. (1993). Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 408–437, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393374 [Google Scholar]
  163. Brewer, M.B. and Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this ‘we’? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71: 83–93, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83 [Google Scholar]
  164. Burke, P.J. and Reitzes, D.C. (1991). An identity theory approach commitment. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54: 239–251, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2786653 [Google Scholar]
  165. Clinical Research in Poland – Main Challenges (2010). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, http://infarma.pl/fileadmin/badania_kliniczne_raport/Clinical %20trials%20in%20Poland%20 2010.pdf (19.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  166. Clinical trials in Poland (2015). PriceWaterhouseCoopers, December. [Google Scholar]
  167. Cornelissen, J.P., Haslam, S.A. and Balmer, J.M.T. (2007). Social Identity, Organizational Identity and Corporate Identity: Towards an Integrated Understanding of Processes, Patternings and Products. British Journal of Management, 18: 1–16, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00522.x [Google Scholar]
  168. Czarkowska, L.D. (2010). Nowy profesjonalizm. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  169. Czarnota-Bojarska, J. (2010). Dopasowanie człowiek–organizacja i tożsamość organizacyjna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. [Google Scholar]
  170. Dukerich, J.M., Golden, B.R. and Shortell, S.M. (2002). Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The impact of organizational identification, identity, and image on the cooperative behaviors of physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 507–533, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3094849 [Google Scholar]
  171. Dutton, J. E., Dukerish, J. M., Harquail, C.V. (1994). Organisational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 239–263, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393235 [Google Scholar]
  172. Edwards, M.R. (2005). Organisational identification: A conceptual and operational review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7(4): 207–230, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2005.00114.x [Google Scholar]
  173. Ellemers, N., Gilder, D. and Haslam, A.S. (2004). Motivating individuals and group at work: a social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 459–478, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2004. 13670967 [Google Scholar]
  174. Feather, N. and Rauter, K. (2004). Organizational citizenship behaviors in relation to job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 77(1): 81–94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317904322915928 [Google Scholar]
  175. Gecas, V. (1982). The self-concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 8: 1–33, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.so.08.080182.000245 [Google Scholar]
  176. Gouldner, A.W. (1957). Cosmopolitans and Locals: Toward and Analysis of Latent Social Roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(1): 281–306, http://dx.doi.org/10. 2307/2391000 [Google Scholar]
  177. Haslam, S.A., Ryan, M.K., Postmes, T., Spears, R., Jetten, J. and Webley, P. (2006). Sticking to our guns: social identity as a basis for the maintenance of commitment to faltering organizational projects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 607–628, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.370 [Google Scholar]
  178. Ibarra, H.J. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 764–791, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/ 2667055 [Google Scholar]
  179. Jemielniak, D. (2008). Praca oparta na wiedzy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  180. Johnson, R.E., Chang, C., Yang, L. (2010). Commitment and Motivation at Work: The Relevance Of Employee Identity And Regulatory Focus. Academy of Management Review, 35(2): 226–245, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2010.48463332 [Google Scholar]
  181. Johnson, M.D., Morgeson, F.P., Ilgen, D.R., Meyer, C.J. and Lloyd, J.W. (2006). Multiple Professional Identities: Examining Differences in Identification Across Work-Related targets. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2): 498–506, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-9010.91.2.498 [Google Scholar]
  182. Karlberg, J.P.E. (2008). West to East Drift in European Sponsored Clinical Trials. Clinical Trial Magnifier, 1(1): 1–11. [Google Scholar]
  183. Kong, D.T. (2015). The pathway to unethical pro-organizational behavior: Organizational identification as a joint function of work passion and trait mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.035 [Google Scholar]
  184. Kostera, M. (ed.) (2008). Współczesne koncepcje zarządzania. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. [Google Scholar]
  185. Kozierkiewicz, B. (2013). Tożsamość zawodowa pracowników branży badań klinicznych w Polsce. In: Cz. Szmidt (ed.), Aktualne wyzwania zarządzania i ekonomii. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Poltext. [Google Scholar]
  186. Koźmiński, A.K. (2004). Zarządzanie w warunkach niepewności. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. [Google Scholar]
  187. Kunda, G. (1992). Engineering Culture. Control and commitment in High­Tech Corporation. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.2.228 [Google Scholar]
  188. Larson, G.S. and Pepper, G.L. (2003). Strategies for managing multiple organizational identifications. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(4): 528–557: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318903251626 [Google Scholar]
  189. Mael, F. and Ashforth, B. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13(2): 103–123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202 [Google Scholar]
  190. Marks, A. and Scholarios, D. (2007). Revisiting technical workers: professional and organizational identities in the software industry. New technology, Work and employment, 22(2): 98–117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2007.00193.x [Google Scholar]
  191. Nelsen, B.J. and Barley, S.R. (1997). For Love or Money? Commodification and the Construction of an Occupational Mandate. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4): 619–653, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2393652 [Google Scholar]
  192. Pratt, M.G., Rockman, K.W. and Kaufmann, J.B. (2006). Constructing Professional Identity: The role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2): 235–262, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786060 [Google Scholar]
  193. Ricketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66: 358–384, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.005 [Google Scholar]
  194. Rousseau, D.M. (1998). Why workers still identify with organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: 217–233, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199805)19:3<217::AIDJOB931>3.0.CO;2-N [Google Scholar]
  195. Russo, T.C. (1998). Organizational and professional identification: A case of newspaper journalists. Management Communication Quarterly, 12(1): 72–111, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318998121003 [Google Scholar]
  196. Sluss, D.M. and Ashforth, B.E. (2007). Relational Identity and identification, Defining ourselves through work relationship. Academy of Management Review, 32: 9–32, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.23463672 [Google Scholar]
  197. Steinberg, R.M. (2016). Why All the Fuss Over Culture? Compliance Week, 13(145): 46–47. Stryker, S. and Burke, P.J. (2000). The past, present and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4): 284–297, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2695840 [Google Scholar]
  198. Sveningsson, S. and Alvesson, M. (2003). Managing managerial identities: Organizational fragmentation, discourse and identity struggle. Human Relations, 56(10): 1163–1193, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00187267035610001 [Google Scholar]
  199. Van Dick, R. (2001), Identification in organizational Centex: linking theory and research from social and organization psychology. International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(4): 265–283, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00068 [Google Scholar]
  200. Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Stellmacher, J., Christ, O. and Tissington, P.A. (2005). To Be(long) or Not to Be(long): Social Identification in Organizational Contexts. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 131(3): 189–218, http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/ MONO.131.3.189-218 [Google Scholar]
  201. Van Dick, R., Hirst, G., Grojean, M., Wieseke, J. (2007). Relationship between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behavior. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 80(1): 133–150, http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317905X71831 [Google Scholar]
  202. Van Knippenberg, D. and Van Schie, E.C.M. (2000). Foci and correlates of organisational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 73: 137–147. [Google Scholar]
  203. Varshavsly, S. and Platonov, P.G. (2004). FDA inspections Outside the USA: An Eastern European perspective, Applied Clinical Trials Online, http://www.appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com/appliedclinicaltrials/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=121811 (8.07.2015). [Google Scholar]
  204. Young people on the labour market (2014). SW Research, March. [Google Scholar]

Full metadata record

Cite this record

APA style

Kozierkiewicz, Barbara (2016). Kozierkiewicz, B. . (2016). Work-Related Identity of Clinical Research Sector Employees in Poland Against Professional Transformation of the Industry. Central European Management Journal, 24(3), 62-90. https://doi.org/10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.176 (Original work published 2016)

MLA style

Kozierkiewicz, Barbara. Kozierkiewicz, B. . “Work-Related Identity Of Clinical Research Sector Employees In Poland Against Professional Transformation Of The Industry”. 2016. Central European Management Journal, vol. 24, no. 3, 2016, pp. 62-90.

Chicago style

Kozierkiewicz, Barbara. Kozierkiewicz, Barbara . “Work-Related Identity Of Clinical Research Sector Employees In Poland Against Professional Transformation Of The Industry”. Central European Management Journal, Central European Management Journal, 24, no. 3 (2016): 62-90. doi:10.7206/jmba.ce.2450-7814.176.

People also read: